长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)不同组织中蛋白酶的分布及冷藏过程中酶活力与鲜度变化     

章骞  陈宏  阙华勇  李钰金  孙乐常  翁凌  张凌晶  刘光明  曹敏杰 《海洋与湖沼》2021,52(4):1039-1046

以长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)为研究对象,采用酶活力测定和Western blotting鉴定牡蛎不同组织中氨肽酶、胰蛋白酶型丝氨酸蛋白酶、组织蛋白酶等几种主要蛋白酶的分布,探讨牡蛎肉在4°C冷藏过程中酶活力和鲜度指标的变化规律。结果显示:在牡蛎的外套膜、鳃、闭壳肌和性腺-内脏团四种组织中,亮氨酸氨肽酶、丙氨酸氨肽酶、精氨酸氨肽酶均有较高酶活力;胰蛋白酶型丝氨酸蛋白酶主要分布于性腺-内脏团,在另外三种组织中活性较低;组织蛋白酶B和B+L绝大部分在性腺-内脏团中表达。在4°C冷藏过程中,酶活力发生明显变化,经7d冷藏后,性腺-内脏团中亮氨酸氨肽酶的酶活力为初始值的25.15%,丙氨酸氨肽酶的酶活力为初始值的31.65%,精氨酸氨肽酶的酶活力为初始值的23.19%;组织蛋白酶B和B+L的酶活力分别是初始值的2.59和4.23倍;胰蛋白酶型丝氨酸蛋白酶酶活力上升44%。随着冷藏时间的延长,牡蛎的鲜度指标发生变化:牡蛎pH值呈现先降低,9d后上升的趋势;氨基酸态氮含量由初始的(0.26±0.05)g/100g增加至第7d的(0.31±0.03)g/100g;挥发性盐基氮含量从(5.60±0.64)mg/100g上升至第7d的(17.50±0.37)mg/100g;SDS-PAGE分析显示,牡蛎冷藏过程中四种组织的蛋白质均发生了不同程度的降解。本研究揭示了牡蛎在短期冷藏过程中几种主要蛋白酶和鲜度指标的变化规律,为牡蛎的冷藏保鲜提供了参考。  相似文献   

Seasonal variation in the reproductive activity and biochemical composition of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) from the Marlborough Sounds,New Zealand     

Jeffrey S. Ren  Islay D. Marsden  Alex H. Ross  David R. Schiel 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(1):171-182

Reproductive cycles of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg) from the Marlborough Sounds, New Zealand, were followed between June 1998 and January 2000. Histological examination of the gonad confirms an annual cycle with a winter inactive period followed by rapid gonad development and a single short spawning period. The population gonad index correlated with seawater temperature and changes in tissue dry weight, condition index, and biochemical components. In winter, few individuals with early gametogenic stages were present and rapid development of primary oocytes (diam. 11 μm) occurred during spring (September‐November). The developmental rate and the diameter of mature oocytes (37 μm) was similar for the 1998 and 1999 seasons. For a standard 110‐mm‐length oyster, maximal tissue body weight and condition index were recorded in December. Rapid weight loss in January was length dependent and was attributed to spawning. Temperature was the environmental variable which best correlated with the timing of gametogenesis. Food availability (phytoplankton biomass) may have been responsible for inter‐annual variations. The biochemical composition (% glycogen, lipid, protein) of separated gonad and somatic tissues were variable seasonally and annually. Gametogenesis (oocyte diameter) was associated with increased gonad protein and glycogen and a decrease in lipid concentrations. These changes are similar to those in Pacific oyster populations from other parts of the world.  相似文献   

二倍体和三倍体牡蛎的外观鉴别   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

曾志南  林琪  吴建绍  陈木 《海洋科学》1999,23(1):51-53

对二倍体,三倍体僧帽牡蛎和太平洋牡蛎外套膜和生殖腺外部形态进行了周年观察。结果表明,从外套膜和生殖腺外观特征上的差异可鉴别出牡蛎二倍体和三倍体。１９９７年８月至１９９８年６月,分析了两种牡蛎样品２６６个,其鉴别准确率达９６．９９％。  相似文献   

近江牡蛎铜锌超氧化物歧化酶的稳定性   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

曾利荣  张尔贤  俞丽君  肖湘  林哲甫 《台湾海峡》1999,18(1):87-91

在从近江牡蛎（Crassostrea rivularis)软体部分提纯得到纯度均一的铜锌超氧化物歧化酶（Cu,Zn-SOD)的基础上,对该酶的稳定性进行了研究,结果表明,该酶的水溶液在65℃时活力稳定,而该酶的干品在1℃／min程序升温时在58．4摄氏度有一尖锐的吸热峰,在pH为5．2－10．0的范围内该酶的活力不受影响。该酶对H2O2和KCN均敏感,且能耐受Tsuchihashi氏试剂的作用。一些氧化剂,还原剂,变性剂可改变酶的活力,差示扫描量热分析（Differential Scanning Calorimetry,DSC)发现,该酶在不同的升温速率下以及不同浓度的H2O2处理对酶的稳定性的影响与猪血,牛血SOD均有差异。  相似文献   

香港巨牡蛎对3种浮游植物摄食率和滤清率的研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

付家想  蓝文陆  李天深  李琼珍  范航清  黄凌风 《海洋学报》2017,39(8):62-69

本文在室内条件下研究了大、中、小3种规格的香港巨牡蛎（Crassostrea hongkongensis）对牟氏角毛藻（Chaetoceros muelleri）、亚心形扁藻（Platymonas subcordiformis）、球等鞭藻（Isochrysis galbana）3种浮游植物在同等密度、同等生物量条件下的摄食率和滤清率,探讨了香港巨牡蛎对3种浮游植物的摄食差异及其影响因素。结果表明,在28℃水温条件下,香港巨牡蛎的单位个体滤清率和单位体质量滤清率分别为1.40~8.94 L/（ind·h）和0.86~3.17 L/（g·h）,等密度和等生物量浮游植物条件下香港巨牡蛎均表现出单位个体滤清率由高到低依次为:大规格、中规格、小规格;不同规格香港巨牡蛎的单位体质量滤清率相近。相同藻类密度条件下,香港巨牡蛎的单位体质量滤清率由高到低依次为:亚心形扁藻、球等鞭金藻、牟氏角毛藻;相同生物量条件下,香港巨牡蛎对3种浮游植物单位体质量滤清率由高到低依次为:球等鞭金藻、亚心形扁藻、牟氏角毛藻。香港巨牡蛎对不同浮游植物种类和密度的滤清率、摄食率差异主要是受饵料的大小、营养质量和密度等因素影响。  相似文献   

Effect of cadmium on the defense response of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas to Listonella anguillarum challenge     

丛明  吕家森  吴惠丰  赵建民 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2013,31(5):1002-1009

Heavy metal pollution can affect the immune capability of organisms.We evaluated the effect of cadmium(Cd) on the defense responses of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas to Listonella anguillarum challenge.The activities of several important defensive enzymes,including superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GPx),acid phosphatase(ACP),Na+,K+-ATPase in gills and hepatopancreas,and phenoloxidase-like(POL) enzyme in hemolymph were assayed.In addition,the expression levels of several genes,including heat shock protein 90(HSP90),metallothionein(MT),and bactericidal/permeability increasing(BPI) protein were quantified by fluorescent quantitative PCR.The enzyme activities of SOD,ACP,POL,and GPx in hepatopancreas,and the expression of HSP90 were down-regulated,whereas GPx activity in the gill,Na+,K+-ATPase activities in both tissues,and MT expression was increased in Cdexposed oysters post L.anguillarum challenge.However,BPI expression was not significantly altered by co-stress of L.anguillarum infection and cadmium exposure.Our results suggest that cadmium exposure alters the oysters’ immune responses and energy metabolism following vibrio infection.  相似文献   

Variations in the pallial organ sizes of the invasive oyster, Crassostrea gigas, along an extreme turbidity gradient     

Mickaël Dutertre  Laurent Barillé  Peter G. Beninger  Philippe Rosa  Yves Gruet 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009

Spatial size variations of labial palps, gills and the adductor muscle of the invasive feral oyster, Crassostrea gigas, were studied along two gradients of suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentrations in the temperate macrotidal Bourgneuf Bay, (annual mean SPM concentration gradient of 21.0–154.0 mg l⁻¹) and the adjacent Loire Estuary (annual mean SPM concentration gradient of 24.1–630.4 mg l⁻¹) on the French Atlantic Coast. The gill-to-palp (G:P) ratios decreased with increasing turbidity, both in the bay and the estuary. Changes in G:P ratios were chiefly related to palp area variations, increasing gradually from low turbidity to very high-turbidity sites, while gill area showed no clear relationship with turbidity conditions. The G:P ratio, showing a significant relationship (r² = 0.97) with SPM concentrations, is proposed as a pallial organ index of oyster acclimation to turbidity conditions. The area of the striated part of the adductor muscle was always greater than that of the smooth one, and adductor muscle area tended to decrease when SPM concentration increased. These observations show the morphological capacity of the oyster C. gigas to tolerate SPM concentrations above the feeding cessation thresholds previously determined experimentally. They also suggest that pallial organ size variations could help explain the success of recent feral oyster invasions in temperate turbid ecosystems.  相似文献   

福建沿海巨蛎属牡蛎的主要种类及其分布   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

杜玄  郭希明  钱鲁闽 《台湾海峡》2009,28(3):399-404

本实验采用了多重种类特异性PCR（multiplex species—specific PCR）技术，研究了巨蛎属（Crassostrea）牡蛎主要种类在福建沿海的分布．从沿海11个采样地点共采集了657个野生牡蛎样本，随机抽取了327个牡蛎样本进行基因组DNA的提取和线粒体COI基因的鉴定，结果发现200个个体为葡萄牙牡蛎（Crassostrea angulata），101个个体为近江牡蛎（Crassostrea ariakensis），20个个体为熊本牡蛎（Crassostrea sikamea），6个个体为香港巨牡蛎（Crassostrea hongkongensis）．此次实验中未发现长牡蛎（Crassostrea gigas）．结果表明，福建沿海有葡萄牙牡蛎、近江牡蛎、熊本牡蛎和香港巨牡蛎4种巨蛎属牡蛎分布．  相似文献   

巨蛎属牡蛎DNA序列的比较及鉴定     

彭敏  罗邦  朱威霖  杨春玲  赵永贞  李强勇  刘青云  曾地刚  李旻  陈秀荔 《广东海洋大学学报》2020,(1):29-37

【目的】了解巨砺属牡蛎的系统关系和种类区分。【方法】对我国沿海分布的7种巨砺属牡蛎(香港牡蛎、有明牡蛎、熊本牡蛎、岩牡蛎、艾氏牡蛎、太平洋牡蛎、葡萄牙牡蛎)的线粒体DNA片段(COI、12S、16S和tRNAs),以及核糖体RNA基因转录间隔子序列(ITS-1、ITS-2和ITS)进行分子系统学研究。【结果】无论种间或种内,tRNAs序列差异最大,亚种内TS1序列差异最大;tRNAs和COI序列较其它序列变异更快,种间变异与种内变异之间有明显的条形码间隙;12S、16S、ITS和ITS2的种间变异与种内变异无重叠及条形码间隙;ITS1的种间变异与种内变异出现重叠。在亚种层面,12S、ITS、ITS1和ITS2的亚种间变异与亚种内变异出现重叠;16S的亚种间变异与亚种内变异无重叠及条形码间隙;tRNAs与COI序列亚种间变异与亚种内变异之间有明显的条形码间隙,有利于区分亚种。【结论】tRNAs和COI序列可用于种及亚种的鉴定。  相似文献   

长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)微卫星克隆快速分离及特性分析   总被引：22，自引：2，他引：22  

李琪  木岛明博 《海洋与湖沼》2004,35(4):364-370

采用磁珠杂交选择和PCR筛选法，从长牡蛎DNA选择片段文库中，快速分离含有微卫星序列的阳性克隆。结果表明，在筛选的200个白色菌落中，56个克隆含有重复次数5以上的微卫星序列，其中41个(20．5％)有随机侧翼区，可以进行引物设计，12个缺乏足够的侧翼序列，3个为中断的微卫星序列。此外，还获得两个小卫星克隆。在获得的微卫星序列中，完全的占54．7％，不完全的占20．8％，复合的占24．5％。除探针中使用的CA重复单元外，还观察到CT、ACT、CGCA、CACT、GACT、GCAC、CCTTA和CCTCA的重复序列。微卫星重复次数主要集中在5-30次之间，占71．7％，最高为60次。本研究中构建的长牡蛎(CA)n富集微卫星文库将为以后开发未知微卫星标记提供帮助。  相似文献